The UK headquarters of the China Democracy Party strongly protests the Chinese government’s illegal cancellation of Chen Shuqing’s retirement pension
Chen Shuqing (born September 26, 1965) is a freelance writer and human rights activist from Fuyang, Zhejiang Province. He is a member of the Zhejiang Preparatory Committee of the China Democracy Party and one of the leaders of its national preparatory committee. He participated in the 1986 Zhejiang Student Movement and the 1989 Tiananmen Democracy Movement. He joined the Zhejiang Preparatory Committee of the China Democracy Party in 1998, was arrested in 1999 for organizing activities, and was sentenced to four years in prison in 2007 for publishing dissident articles. In September 2014, he was again arrested on charges of “subversion of state power.” On June 17, 2016, the Hangzhou Intermediate People’s Court sentenced him to 10 years and 6 months in prison, with a four-year deprivation of political rights. He is scheduled to be released on March 10, 2025. After his release, the Chinese Communist Party continued to persecute him, illegally cancelling his pension. In mainland China, all released members of the China Democracy Party, such as Zhu Yufu, Xu Wanping, and Chen Xi, have suffered similar persecution. We strongly urge the Chinese government to abide by and implement the principles and relevant provisions of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and to stop violating and persecuting the basic human rights of political dissidents!
黄华(原杭州市居民)
2026年1月3日


在法治社会,制定法律,建立权力制衡制度,保障人民监督权,目的是将权力这一猛兽关进牢笼,在充分发挥权力服务于社会的同时,有效防止滥用权力,确保这猛兽不能伤害民众的自由和权利。
把权力比作猛兽,把法律、制度和人民的监督权比作笼子的说法,早在2004年10月10日,美国总统布什在讨论国家安全与权力时,使用了“Power is a formidable, awesome beast”(权力是可怕、令人敬畏的野兽),在他随后的一次演讲中,更为精彩:“人类千万年的历史,最为珍贵的不是令人炫目的科技,不是浩瀚的大师们的经典著作,不是政客们天花乱坠的演讲,而是实现了对统治者的驯服,实现了把他们关进笼子里的梦想。因为只有驯服了他们,把他们关起来,才不会害人。我现在就站在笼子里向你们讲话。”
2013年1月22日,刚履新职不久的中共中央习近平总书记在第十八届中央纪律检查委员会第二次全体会议上有关反腐的讲话中,也提出要“把权力关进笼子”,随后的十几年来,无论习的讲话还是其他官方文件,“把权力关进笼子”一直在反复强调。实际效果如何呢?官方宣传与民间舆论众说纷纭,对我自己而言,亲身遭遇的感触与思考,才是最为深切的。
2025年12月25日上午9点刚过,我接到0571-87882793电话,电话那头是12月17日我在香积寺路58号拱墅区政务服务中心办理退休手续时,接待我的105室工作人员陈明朋,说他才知道我在12月4日已经向大关街道提交了办理退休的申请,而且他现在也已收到了我向杭州市拱墅区人力资源和社会保障局提出《政府信息公开申请书》,说我所要的材料已经准备好,他让我过去拿。我答应马上过去,在上午10点不到就赶到了他那里,拿了几份材料,其中有一份盖着“杭州市拱墅区社会保险管理服务中心”印章的《告知书》,一份制作日期是二〇一〇年九月三十日的《浙江省人力资源和社会保障厅文件-浙人社函[2010]358号-关于被判处有期徒刑人员基本养老保险有关问题的复函(此件依申请公开)》等。
看了这些材料,我既失望,又高兴。失望的是,《告知书》明确以“不符合政策”的原因,否定了我社保缴费24年4个月已经超出15年最低缴费要求可以领养老金的申请,只确认我“合法有效的职工基本养老保险实际缴费年限为9年10月”,看来我要现在就领养老金,难!高兴的是,《告知书》所依据的法律及政策明显适用不当或效力不足,为我接下来的维权铺开了伸展的余地。
本案的事实是,我陈树庆、家属、工作或社保挂靠的单位为我缴纳社会保险,从未遇到服刑期间不能缴费的明确告知,甚至2025年3月10日我最后一次刑满释放后,到拱墅区社保经办机构几次补缴中间断交的最近几年(包括部分刑期内的期间)社保费用也都顺利完成。社保经办机构在收取保险缴费的时候顺顺利利,现在要其履行保险责任的时候,突然变卦,以所谓“相关政策”为托词,拒不履行其应负的社会保险责任。由此可见,本案的争议焦点,首先集中在具体行政行为中,民众对于政府的信赖利益能否得到保护,说的通俗一点,就是政府是否可以随意违约?
不难发现,近几十年来,政府违约的案例屡屡见诸于舆论。如果政府可以随意违约,显然会让民众面对政府不能预期、无所适从,担心政府的权力会像野兽吞噬自己的权利。虽然每一个案子政府方对于自己“言而无信,约而不守”总是有一定的“理由”来说辞,但其“理由”必须经得起严格的法律限制,本案杭州市拱墅区社会保险经办机构拒绝为陈树庆现在办理领取养老金资格,所依托的“相关政策”是否也站得住脚呢?本文不妨展开初步的分析如下:
本案的法律关系由两项事实构成,第一项是缴纳社保,其中包括服刑期间缴纳的是否有效?陈树庆、就业单位等是缴费义务人,政府(社保经办机构和财税机构)是收费权力人;第二项是到了法定年龄领取养老金,陈树庆变成了领取权利人(受益人),政府变成了社会保险支付的义务人。该行为由于社会保险经办机构根据法定授权履行政府的社会保险管理与服务职责,既有具体行政行为的性质,又由于该行为的整个过程由民事主体陈树庆一方和行政主体社保经办机构一方共同完成,类似于民事法律行为的“合同”。如果社保经办机构主张第一项事实陈树庆一方缴纳10年6个月刑期间的社会保险无效成立,那么本案《告知书》上认为陈树庆只剩下9年10个月的有效缴费期也是确立的;如果陈树庆认为己方缴纳社保包括刑期内的都有效,本案《告知书》认定就是错误的,代表政府方的杭州市拱墅区社会保险管理服务中心应该立即替陈树庆办好退休手续并按时发放法定与约定的养老金。
现代法治社会是“对政府法无授权不可为,对民众是法无禁止即自由”,如果主张作为民众陈树庆一方缴纳刑期内社会保险费的行为无效,就必须指出其“法”之所“禁”。对此《中华人民共和国民法典》对于民事法律行为的效力问题,就有类似的规定,在《民法典》第一编“总则”的第六章第三节第一百五十三条规定“违反法律、行政法规的强制性规定的民事法律行为无效。……违背公序良俗的民事法律行为无效”,将“违反法律、行政法规的强制性规定”或“违背公序良俗”的事实作为“无效”前提。
从杭州市拱墅区社会保险管理服务中心提供的《告知书》中可见,其推翻约定拒不履行对陈树庆的社会保险责任的理由是:根据《中华人民共和国劳动法》第二条第一款“在中华人民共和国境内的企业、个体经济组织(以下统称用人单位)和与之形成劳动关系的劳动者,适用本法”、第七十二条“用人单位和劳动者必须依法参加社会保险,缴纳社会保险费”,《中华人民共和国社会保险法》第十条第一款、第二款“职工应当参加基本养老保险,由用人单位和职工共同缴纳基本养老保险费。无雇工的个体工商户、未在用人单位参加基本养老保险的非全日制从业人员以及其他灵活就业人员可以参加基本养老保险,由个人缴纳基本养老保险费”,《浙江省人力资源和社会保障厅关于被判处有期徒刑人员基本养老保险有关问题的复函》(浙人社函[2010]358号)等规定服刑人员在服刑期间不属于职工基本养老保险参保对象,服刑期间参保属于违规参保缴费,该期间缴纳的职工基本养老保险应当清退。
显而易见,上述《劳动法》和《社会保险法》包括《浙江省职工基本养老保险条例》里的规定,是要求用人单位和劳动者去缴纳社会保险费,立法目的是保障从业人员的社会保险权利,里面并没有“服刑人员不能参加社会保险”的强制性规定;至于浙人社函[2010]358号《复函》,是(此件依申请公开),根据法律未经公布不生效的原则,“依申请公开”不能等同于“公布”,没有对抗不知情相对人的任何效力;《复函》做出日期是“二〇一〇年九月三十日”、印发日期是2010年10月9日,对我在2010年9月13日已经结束的第一次服刑四年期间缴费显然没有追溯效果;更何况《复函》不具备《中华人民共和国立法法》中有关法律、行政法规、地方性法规、自治条例和单行条例、规章的级别和效果,属于无立法权的政府部门替自己“既当运动员,又当裁判员”制定的“比赛规则”,里面所指的“服刑人员不能参加社会保险”明显属于2018年2月8日施行的《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国行政诉讼法〉的解释》99 条将典型的关于行政主体“重大且明显违法”的情形之“第二,减损权利或增加义务的行政行为没有法律依据。”,所以也不能作为政府自己违约的依据。
陈树庆认为自已经到了法定年龄享受退休的资格与待遇,除了前述实际已缴费的年限及对政府信赖利益保护原则以外,没有任一现行法律的条款明确规定服刑人员在服刑期间不得享有社会保险。而在对陈树庆的两次判刑的判决书中,判决了剥夺一定期限的人身自由与政治权利,并没有判决剥夺社会经济权利当然包括享有社会保险的权利。根据中华人民共和国政府1997年10月27日签署、全国人民代表大会常务委员会2001年2月28日批准的已经具备法律效力的《经济、社会及文化权利国际公约》“第九条:本盟约缔约国确认人人享有社会保障,包括社会保险”的规定,陈树庆并不因为其服刑就成了“人人”之外,应该享有社会保险。
更何况,本案如果进一步展开下去,还牵涉到中国监狱普遍的对犯人强制无偿劳动的问题。本案原告陈树庆第一次坐牢期间自2008年1月至2010年9月共计2年零8个月在浙江省乔司监狱六分监狱七监区参与生产外贸箱包3个月及伙房菜班组进行菜肴初加工2年5个月;第二次坐牢期间自2017年1月至2025年3月共计8年2个月在浙江省乔司监狱三分监狱六监区参与生产外贸箱包3个月及伙房面食组烧制犯人主食7年11个月。两次坐牢期间不算第一次坐牢看守所里的零星劳动,实际参加监狱劳动累计10年10个月,所以,根据早在1948年12月10日联合国大会通过的《世界人权宣言》第四条“任何人不得使为奴隶或奴役,一切形式的奴隶制度和奴隶买卖,均应禁止”;第二十二条“每个人,作为社会的一员,有享有社会保障,并有权享有他的个人尊严和人格的自由发展所必须的经济、社会和文化方面各种权利的实现,……”;第二十三条第(二)款“人人有同工同酬之权利,不容任何区别”。中华人民共和国政府1998年10月5日签署的《公民权利及政治权利国际公约》也有“任何人不得使充奴工”的相关规定。按照这些国际法的要求,即使监狱犯人依法判决并以改造为目标的服“苦役”,也应与《中华人民共和国劳动法》相应的同工同酬及社会保险接轨。如果作为联合国常任理事国的我国政府能够遵守这些宣言与公约,将我服刑期间参加劳动应有的劳动报酬与社会保障予以考量和贯彻,即使我自己及亲朋好友工作单位替我服刑期间的缴费不算,也够15年以上办理退休的资格与相关手续。
当然,政府遵守已经签署、甚至有的已经批准的《国际公约》,不仅是法治社会依法行政的要求,也是一个文明社会起码得“公序良俗”。
综上,无论是《浙江省人力资源和社会保障厅关于被判处有期徒刑人员基本养老保险有关问题的复函》的抽象行政行为,还是杭州市拱墅区社会保险管理服务中心处理陈树庆退休事宜的具体行政行为,为了让行政主体可以“约而不守”,对自己的权力做出了超出法律规定的扩张性理解,对民众的权利做出了法律规定以外的压缩性诠释,法律在他们眼里于己于人双重标准,成了权力随意拿捏、对别人可紧、对自己可松的橡皮筋,而非可以将权力关进笼子的刚性标准。
好在《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国行政诉讼法〉的解释》99 条将行政主体“减损(行政相对人)权利或增加(行政相对人)义务的行政行为”认定为“没有法律依据”。接下来,我不妨探究司法这一权力制衡的“笼子”,在实践中是否足够刚性与坚硬,能不能关住行政权力这一“猛兽”,拭目以待!
2026年1月2日 完稿于中国杭州 陈树庆
附:
一、盖着“杭州市拱墅区社会保险管理服务中心”印章的《告知书》;
二、《浙江省人力资源和社会保障厅文件》浙人社函[2010]358号。
Can a Cage Made of Rubber Bands Hold Back the Ferocious Beast of Power?
Chen Shuqing
22 December 2025
In a law-based society, laws are made, systems of checks and balances on power are established, and the people’s right to supervise is guaranteed, all with one aim: to lock the ferocious beast of power inside a cage. This is to ensure that while power can fully serve society, its abuse is effectively prevented, so that this beast cannot injure the freedom and rights of the people.
The metaphor of power as a ferocious beast, and of laws, institutions and the people’s supervisory power as a cage, appeared as early as more than two thousand years ago in the Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji), in the “Biography of Li Si” and the “Annals of the First Emperor of Qin”, in the story of “taking officials as teachers” (yi li wei shi). It describes how government work, carried out mainly by state officials, should serve as an example to the whole of society, whether in terms of social morality or in the enforcement of national laws. The most basic requirement is that “without trust, nothing stands”. In today’s terms, the government must have public credibility, especially in dealing with the various daily affairs of ordinary people, and must uphold the principle of protecting the legitimate expectations of citizens who place their trust in it.
Social pension insurance, as the core component of the social security system, not only concerns the vital interests of hundreds of millions of citizens, but also directly affects the government’s reputation and authority in the eyes of the public. As the designer, implementer and ultimate bearer of responsibility for the social pension insurance system, the government’s policy continuity, the transparency of its implementation, and the extent to which it honours its commitments all deeply influence the degree of public trust in the system, and thus constitute an important cornerstone of governmental credibility.
When the government is able, through sound institutional design, to ensure the sound operation of pension insurance funds, to protect the legitimate rights and interests of insured persons through fair benefit-adjustment mechanisms, and to use open information channels so that the public clearly understands policy content and the flow of funds, citizens will naturally form a positive assessment of the government’s governance capacity and sense of responsibility. This perception transforms into trust in the government, helping society generate reliable expectations and a good social order.
By contrast, if pension insurance policies change from one day to the next; if, in the course of implementation, officials rely on the vague excuse of “according to relevant policies” to go back on their word and fail to honour agreements; or if there are loopholes in fund management that cast doubt on the fund’s ability to pay, then public trust in the government will be shaken. This in turn will give rise to widespread doubt about public policy. From the daily lives of the people to society’s stability and development at large, all will lose their reliable foundations. What is termed the collapse of rites and music, the decline of the legal system and the sense that matters are beyond remedy often germinates and spreads from this very point.
Thus, there is a tightly interlinked, positive interactive relationship between the effective operation of the social pension insurance system and the building of governmental credibility. The improvement of the former is an important way to enhance the latter, while the solidness of the latter provides a fundamental guarantee for the sustainable development of the former.
In this article, the author, Chen Shuqing, will, on the basis of his own experience defending his rights in the course of handling his social pension insurance, tear away, first of all, one layer of the veil covering the issue of governmental credibility:
Application for the Disclosure of Government Information
To: Gongshu District Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, Hangzhou
Applicant: Chen Shuqing, male, resident of Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province.
Current address: Room 202, Unit 5, Building 6, Daguan Yuan East Fifth Estate, Gongshu District, Hangzhou City.
ID number: 330106196509260073.
Contact number: 15958160478.
As of 17 December 2025, the applicant, Chen Shuqing, has reached the statutory retirement age of 60 years plus 3 months, and has in fact paid into the pooled social insurance system for 24 years and 4 months, exceeding the minimum contribution period of 15 years. At around 9 a.m. on 17 December 2025, the applicant went to your Bureau’s office (Gongshu District Human Resources and Social Security Bureau) located in the Gongshu District Government Service Centre on Xiangjisi Road to handle retirement procedures. The staff member, however, on the grounds that the applicant had previously been sentenced in 2007 to four years’ imprisonment for “inciting subversion of state power” and in 2016 to ten years and six months’ imprisonment for “subversion of state power”, deducted from his contribution years the total length of these two sentences, and concluded that his remaining contribution period was only a little over nine years, short of the minimum 15 years’ contribution required. They refused to process the applicant’s retirement eligibility, and merely insisted that the applicant first apply for a refund of the social insurance contributions paid during his time in prison.
This has led the applicant to harbour two doubts, and to submit two corresponding requests for the disclosure of government information, as follows:
I. For over twenty years, the applicant, the applicant’s family members, and the work units or entities with which his social insurance was registered have paid social insurance contributions on his behalf. At no point was there any clear notice that contributions could not be made during periods of imprisonment. Even after the applicant’s most recent release from prison on 10 March 2025, when he went on several occasions to your Bureau’s office at 58 Xiangjisi East Road, Gongshu District Government Service Centre, to make back payments of contributions for the most recent years of interrupted coverage (including some periods falling within his prison term), these social insurance payments were all processed smoothly. Your Bureau had no problem collecting these insurance contributions at the time; yet now, when your Bureau is required to fulfil its insurance obligations, it suddenly changes its stance, using so-called “relevant policies” as a pretext to refuse to bear its due social insurance responsibilities towards the applicant. This has led the applicant to doubt whether the government is upholding the principle of protecting the legitimate expectations of citizens who place their trust in it.
Therefore, the first matter on which the applicant requests the disclosure of government information is as follows:
the specific legal (including policy) basis for invalidating and refunding periods of social insurance contributions already paid during imprisonment, including the exact names of the relevant laws (and/or policies) and the relevant articles and clauses. Of course, it would be even better if the contents of these laws (and/or policies) could be clearly set out in the written reply.
II. The staff of your Bureau at the Government Service Centre asked the applicant first to apply for a refund, and verbally promised that only after the refund had been completed could the other work of examining the applicant’s retirement eligibility and entitlements continue. The applicant considers that once the social insurance contributions paid during his prison term have been refunded, the remaining period of contributions will be far short of the minimum 15 years required to qualify for retirement. At that point, not only will the applicant be unable to retire now, but he will also have no way of being certain about his future real economic burden or having any assurance regarding the ultimate outcome of his social pension insurance.
Therefore, the second matter on which the applicant requests the disclosure of government information is as follows:
- The specific refund procedures, including the different contribution periods determined according to the identity of the contributor, and the exact refund amounts (or the content of refunds and calculation standards) for each contribution period;
- The detailed follow-up procedures and projected outcomes after the completion of the refund process. Again, it would be preferable if the relevant legal (and/or policy) provisions and their content on which these are based could be clearly indicated.
The applicant earnestly requests that your Bureau provide a specific and clear written reply to this Application for the Disclosure of Government Information, and asks that you not again send staff to respond vaguely with phrases such as “in accordance with relevant policies”, nor provide any oral “consultations” or “suggestions” from which you may later deny responsibility or refuse to acknowledge what has been said.
Attachments:
- Photocopy of the applicant Chen Shuqing’s identity card (front and back);
- Gongshu District Government Information Disclosure Application Form.




















