中国的集权统治以其高度集中的权力结构和严格的控制机制闻名，这种体制导致人权问题日益严重。对异议人士的打压和信息封锁加剧了社会的压迫与不公。通过探讨方艺融和彭立发的故事，可以更深刻地理解中国目前的集权统治弊端，以及如何在高压环境中推动变革和争取自由。
方艺融的抗争：事件经过与背景
2024年7月30日，湖南娄底新化县的22岁青年方艺融在天桥上悬挂了反对独裁的标语，内容包括：“要自由，要民主，要选票！罢课罢工罢免独裁国贼习近平。”他通过这种方式揭示中国集权体制下的压迫，并呼吁公众关注政治改革和人权问题。
方艺融的行动迅速引起了地方政府的注意，他在悬挂标语时录制的视频表达了对中国未来的希望和对专制的抵制。然而，这一勇敢的举动也导致了政府的强烈打压。方艺融被逮捕，并面临严酷审问和折磨。中国民主党洛杉矶总部迅速组织了声援活动，通过集会、媒体宣传和社交平台传递对方艺融的支持信息，呼吁国际社会关注这一事件。
抗争与集权：共同点与勇气
方艺融和彭立发的抗争行动都体现了在中国集权体制下的勇敢与坚持。2022年10月13日，彭立发在北京中关村四通桥上悬挂了反对中共独裁的横幅，标语内容直指中国政府的严酷封控政策和政治体制。两人的行动不仅是对中国现状的挑战，也是对未来民主自由的渴望。
两人都面临着政府的严厉打压。彭立发因抗议行动被拘留，方艺融则因言论自由问题遭受严酷惩罚。两人的经历表明，在中国集权体制下，任何形式的异议行为都可能遭遇严酷的报复。
集权统治下的人权与政策
对异议人士的打压
中国的集权体制使得对异议人士的打压成为常态。彭立发和方艺融的经历正是这种打压的典型例证。政府通过监视、恐吓和逮捕来维持对社会的控制，压制异议声音，使得社会无法进行有效的讨论和反思，也阻碍了社会的进步和改革。对异议人士的严酷打压不仅损害了个人的自由和安全，还对社会的言论自由和公民权利造成了广泛侵害。
信息封锁与媒体控制
中国政府对信息的封锁和媒体的控制是集权体制下的另一个重要特征。政府通过审查和封锁网络信息，控制媒体报道，限制公众获取真实信息的渠道。近期，中国公安部和国家互联网信息办公室发布的《国家网络身份认证公共服务管理办法（征求意见稿）》和“网络身份证”试点就是典型例子。这些政策的实施进一步加强了对互联网的控制，限制了公众的言论自由和信息获取。
“网络身份证”的推出引起了广泛的关注和担忧。该系统要求老百姓申领网络身份证和网号，对各网络平台进行实名认证。民众普遍认为这类似于疫情期间的健康码，将个人上网行为常态化地监控起来。很多人担心，网证网号的应用将使政府能够更容易地对个体进行全程监控，实现全网封号禁言，精确到人实施断网。这不仅使得信息封锁和媒体控制更加严密，也使得异议声音难以发出。
方艺融和彭立发的勇敢抗争显示，即使在高压环境下，争取自由和民主的声音依然可以得到回应，并推动社会的进步。中国未来的变革需要更多人的勇气和坚持，共同推动社会的变革和人权的改善。
作者 ：中国民主党英国总部党员 闫磊
The Deterioration of Human Rights Issues in China: From Fang Yirong to Peng Lifa – Dictatorship and Resistance under Centralised Rule
China’s centralised rule is known for its highly centralised power structure and strict control mechanisms, a system that has led to growing human rights problems. The suppression of dissidents and the blocking of information have exacerbated social oppression and injustice. By exploring the stories of Fang Yirong and Peng Lifa, it is possible to gain a deeper understanding of the shortcomings of China’s current centralised rule and how to push for change and freedom in a repressive environment.
Fang Yirong’s Struggle: Events and Background
On 30 July 2024, 22-year-old Fang Yirong of Xinhua County in Loudi, Hunan Province, hung a banner against the dictatorship on a flyover, which read: ‘Want freedom, want democracy, want votes! Strike to remove the dictatorial state thief Xi Jinping.’ In this way, he revealed the oppression under China’s centralised system and called for public attention to political reform and human rights issues.
Fang Yirong’s action quickly drew the attention of the local government, and the video he recorded while hanging the banner expresses hope for China’s future and resistance to authoritarianism. However, this courageous act also led to a strong crackdown by the government. Fang Yirong was arrested and faced harsh interrogation and torture. The CDP’s Los Angeles headquarters quickly organised a solidarity campaign, delivering messages of support for Fang Yirong through rallies, media campaigns and social media platforms, and calling for international attention to the incident.
Resistance and Centralised Power: Common Ground and Courage
Both Fang Yirong’s and Peng Lifa’s acts of resistance demonstrate courage and perseverance in the context of China’s centralised system of power.2022 On 13 October, Peng Lifa hung a banner against the Chinese Communist Party’s dictatorship on Sitongqiao Bridge in Beijing’s Zhongguancun, with slogans that pointed to the government’s draconian policies of closure and control and its political system. Both men’s actions not only challenge China’s status quo, but also aspire to a future of democracy and freedom.
Both men have faced severe government repression. Peng Lifa was detained for his protests and Fang Yirong was severely punished for her freedom of expression. Both men’s experiences show that under China’s centralised system, any form of dissent can be met with harsh reprisals.
Human Rights and Policies under Centralised Rule
Repression of Dissent
China’s centralised system has made the suppression of dissent the norm. The experiences of Peng Lifa and Fang Yirong are typical examples of such repression. The government maintains control over society through surveillance, intimidation, and arrests, and the suppression of dissenting voices prevents effective discussion and reflection in society, and hinders social progress and reform. The harsh repression of dissidents not only undermines the freedom and security of individuals, but also causes widespread infringement on the freedom of expression and civil rights of society.
Information Blockade and Media Control
The Chinese government’s information blocking and media control is another important feature of the centralised system. By censoring and blocking information on the Internet and controlling media coverage, the government restricts the public’s access to truthful information. Recently, the Ministry of Public Security and the State Internet Information Office issued the ‘National Network Identity Authentication Public Service Management Measures (Draft for Public Comments)’ and the ‘Network ID Card’ pilot programme as typical examples. The implementation of these policies has further tightened control over the Internet, limiting the public’s freedom of expression and access to information.
The introduction of the ‘network identity card’ has caused widespread concern and worry. The system requires the general public to apply for an Internet identity card and a network number to authenticate their real names on various Internet platforms. The public generally regarded this as similar to the health code during an epidemic, which monitors individuals’ online behaviour on a regular basis. Many people are concerned that the application of the network ID and network number will enable the government to more easily monitor individuals throughout the process, achieve network-wide blocking and banning, and implement disconnection of the network precisely to the individual. This will not only make information blocking and media control tighter, but also make it difficult for dissenting voices to be heard.
The courageous protests of Fang Yirong and Peng Lifa show that even in high-pressure environments, voices fighting for freedom and democracy can still be heard and drive social progress. China’s future transformation will require the courage and perseverance of many more people to work together for social change and human rights improvement.
Author: Yan Lei, member of China Democracy Party UK Headquarters
